摘要

鸟型分支杆菌亚种副结核(MAP)是M鸟结核复杂(MAC)。它在基因上与其他MAC不同,有14到18个IS900拷贝和一个参与表面碳水化合物生物合成的DNA盒。与其他MAC不同,MAP是许多动物(包括灵长类动物)肠道慢性炎症的特殊原因。该病范围从多菌性到少菌性,与人类的麻风病类似,伴有慢性肉芽肿性炎症。MAP感染可以持续数年而不引起临床疾病。据报道,在西欧和北美,MAP感染的群体流行率为21%至54%。这些亚临床感染的动物在牛奶中释放出MAP并进入牧场。MAP比结核病更强,通过零售牛奶和家庭供水向人群传播的风险很高。MAP存在于一部分正常人的回结肠粘膜中,如果使用正确的方法,通过改进的培养系统和IS900聚合酶链反应,可以在很大比例的炎症克罗恩病肠道全层标本中检测到MAP。克罗恩病中的MAP以蛋白酶耐药的非杆菌形式存在,可逃避免疫识别,可能导致免疫失调。 As with other MAC, MAP is resistant to most standard antituberculous drugs. Treatment of Crohn’s disease with combinations of drugs more active against MAC such as rifabutin and clarithromycin can bring about a profound improvement and, in a few cases, apparent disease eradication. New drugs as well as effective MAP vaccines for animals and humans are needed. The problems caused by MAP constitute a public health issue of tragic proportions for which a range of remedial measures are urgently needed.