左卡尼汀的肠道菌群代谢nutrient in red meat, promotes atherosclerosis
- PMID:23563705
- PMCID:PMC3650111
- DOI:10.1038/nm.3145
左卡尼汀的肠道菌群代谢nutrient in red meat, promotes atherosclerosis
Abstract
Intestinal microbiota metabolism of choline and phosphatidylcholine produces trimethylamine (TMA), which is further metabolized to a proatherogenic species, trimethylamine-N-oxide (TMAO). We demonstrate here that metabolism by intestinal microbiota of dietary L-carnitine, a trimethylamine abundant in red meat, also produces TMAO and accelerates atherosclerosis in mice. Omnivorous human subjects produced more TMAO than did vegans or vegetarians following ingestion of L-carnitine through a microbiota-dependent mechanism. The presence of specific bacterial taxa in human feces was associated with both plasma TMAO concentration and dietary status. Plasma L-carnitine levels in subjects undergoing cardiac evaluation (n = 2,595) predicted increased risks for both prevalent cardiovascular disease (CVD) and incident major adverse cardiac events (myocardial infarction, stroke or death), but only among subjects with concurrently high TMAO levels. Chronic dietary L-carnitine supplementation in mice altered cecal microbial composition, markedly enhanced synthesis of TMA and TMAO, and increased atherosclerosis, but this did not occur if intestinal microbiota was concurrently suppressed. In mice with an intact intestinal microbiota, dietary supplementation with TMAO or either carnitine or choline reduced in vivo reverse cholesterol transport. Intestinal microbiota may thus contribute to the well-established link between high levels of red meat consumption and CVD risk.
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Comment in
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Nutrition: Red meat consumption leads to a microbiota-dependent risk of cardiovascular disease.Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2013 Jul;9(7):378. doi: 10.1038/nrendo.2013.90. Epub 2013 Apr 23. Nat Rev Endocrinol. 2013. PMID:23609335 No abstract available.
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Meat-metabolizing bacteria in atherosclerosis.Nat Med. 2013 May;19(5):533-4. doi: 10.1038/nm.3178. Nat地中海》2013。 PMID:23652100 No abstract available.
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Meat-loving microbes: do steak-eating bacteria promote atherosclerosis?Circ Cardiovasc Genet. 2013 Jun;6(3):308-9. doi: 10.1161/CIRCGENETICS.113.000213. Circ Cardiovasc Genet. 2013. PMID:23778590 No abstract available.
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L-carnitine consumption, its metabolism by intestinal microbiota, and cardiovascular health.Mayo Clin Proc. 2013 Aug;88(8):786-9. doi: 10.1016/j.mayocp.2013.06.004. Mayo Clin Proc. 2013. PMID:23910406 No abstract available.
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